Instructions to install and configure Linux Mandrake 8.1

This document would be a guide to Linux users who have just bought a DELL Inspiron 2500 laptop and want to setup their laptop to use with it. If you want to purchase a laptop to use it with Linux, the Inspiron 2500 is a good choice. But read all the document to see what you can do and what you can’t. The best laptops for Linux use, IMHO, are IBM thinkpads and Dell Inspirons (also Apple iBooks seem to be fine). See http://linux-laptop.net for further details, however. If you can spend more money, choose Inspirons 8xxx, they are better, the power management operates properly. Inspiron 2500 hardware configuration:

• BIOS Phoenix
• HD 20Gb IDE
• RAM 1 dimm 128Mb PC100
• CPU Pentium® III Mobile 900Mhz
• CD-RW 8x integrated IDE/ATAPI
• Floppy 3,5 removable in the bay * LCD TFT 15 max res. 1024*768 32bit
• Video card Intel i815 4mb AGP with 3d accel.
• Audio card Sigmatel STAC9700/83/84 with microphone integrated and line-in
• Winmodem Lucent LT - RJ11 (combo miniPCI with the network card)
• Network card Intel EtherExpress Pro 100Mbps - RJ45 (combo miniPCI with the LT modem)
• USB 2 ports
• PCMCIA either 2 card type I - II or 1 card type III
• Parallel Port ECP IEEE1284
• Serial port standard RS232
• PS/2 port
• VGA port max res. 1600*1200 24bit
• Touchpad Synaptics 2 keys
• Keyboard: 4 special keys + 2 for volume regulation. Fn key, Windows® menu key.
• 3 leds for monitoring power/hd/battery.
• 2 fans
• 1 battery

My Inspiron came with Windows ME and software like Norton Antivirus 2000, Works and more. It has also a logo “Designed for Windows XP” for who would like to install this OS. I didn’t need all this software, I already owned a Windows license and I never used ME, Works, Norton Antivirus and others. I don’t know what can I do with them but I payd them. I asked kindly to DELL computer if I could buy the Inspiron 2500 without preinstalled software, but there’s no way to get this solution. I always think that everyone should have the freedom to choose. I appreciated the opportunity on the DELL website to configure your own notebook (this is the first reason for which I have purchased the Inspiron) but I had to buy the software they wanted, too. Yes, You can ask for a refund because you could not accept the license agreement of the software but it’s very difficult and time-consuming.

I booted the computer with the first CD of Mandrake 8.1 . I would like to have installed Debian, but I always like all the software up to date and I don’t have fast internet connection. So, I chose Mandrake that I can update simply buying a review that comes with the last CDs. I chose Expert Installation. When asked if you have SCSI interfaces answer “No”.

For the disk partitioning I reduced the FAT32 partition to 9.75Gb. I created two partitions for Linux, /home (4.77Gb), / (3.84Gb). Swap 128Mb. The result:

/dev/hda1 FAT32
/dev/hda2 contains the 3 next partitions:
/dev/hda5 root partition /
/dev/hda6 swap
/dev/hda7 home partition /home

Usually, for desktop use, I create a different partition for /home so when I change distribution I can easily format the root partition.

When you install Mandrake 8.1 you got a very clean installation. After 20/25 minutes you got a system ready for everything, a perfectly operating desktop. You are also noticed that for the modem you need a proprietary driver that isn’t included in the distribution.

To use programs to burn CDs usually you need to insert in the lilo.conf the lines append=” hdc=ide-scsi " , but Mandrake do this automatically. To burn I use GCombust, with it I have all the options undercontrol, but if you prefer easier tools, I advice Eroaster. If you want to burn audio CDs, it’s better to convert MP3 to WAV files manually without proceeding on the fly with the tools of the burner-applications.

So, you only need to download the RPM of the Lucent LT winmodem that you find here. With the new release 6.00b9 seem to be problems with Mandrake 8.1 for the devfs. Besides, when I compile a new kernel and I install the driver from the source I always get “NO CARRIER " - I don’t know why. But if you use the precompiled RPM for Mandrake you will never have problems.

The card is detected correctly and automatically. The kernel module is the eepro100. It has 2 leds, 1 green for the connection and 1 yellow for the data transmission.

I’m using the i810 driver of the xfree 4.1.0. It works fine. There is no framebuffer with the standard kernel and X server, you can have framebuffer patching them, see the project http://i810fb.sourceforge.net (I don’t have tryed it yet). Sound You want to setup ALSA, too. Because the OSS driver works but not very very well. The sound is often disturbed with noises and it works only at 48000Hz. It’s much better to use ALSA. Modify /etc/modules.conf : where there is written “alias sound-slot-0 i810_audio " replace with “alias sound-slot-0 snd-card-intel8x0 " to restore at boot mixer values store with “/usr/sbin/alsactl store " add also these lines:

post-install snd-mixer /usr/sbin/alsactl restore

Unfortunately I don’t understand why when I make /usr/sbin/alsactl restore at the boot I receive “no ALSA cards detected”. Very probably it is an error in my configuration files and I use gmix to restore the audio (default muted by ALSA). New! Using the kernel 2.4.18 the i810_audio e ac97_codec drivers are really better than before. Now I’m using them and the sound is very clean in KDE 2.2.1 aRts, too.

The Power Management is the only thing that doesn’t work. The interface is ACPI, still not fully supported by Linux. You cannot use suspend or hybernate or standby modes. Only the power off is ok, after stopped all the devices the system shutdown cleanly. But the kernel hackers announced in the kernel TODO substantial future improvements in ACPI code, we hope it will work well with the future kernel 2.6. New! Compiling a new kernel with ACPI support, you have something more than using the APM driver. The shutdown of the system , like APM, doesn’t leave you at the prompt “Power down” and power off cleanly. Besides, as root, from the console with ACPI you can turn off the laptop as you press the power button, simply executing echo 4 > /proc/acpi/event; and you can have software suspend executing echo 1 > /proc/acpi/event. And pressing the power button the laptop doesn’t power off like with the APM driver.

It works very well, I don’t need special drivers (it is PS/2 compatible) but you can configure it with the utility " tpconfig“, but I don’t have tested yet.

Dell special keys: on this page Ansgar Hellwig explain how to use them in a Debian system but I don’t understand how to get them work in Mandrake. New! Now I can use all the Dell special keys! Add these lines to the file /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.xx (where xx is your country ID)

# Dell special keys
keycode 129 = F21
keycode 130 = F22
keycode 131 = F23
keycode 132 = F24
keycode 174 = F25
keycode 176 = F26

Don’t forget to make a backup first! Make active your new keymap with this command:

xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.xx

Of course you can automate this, running this command in a script after your window manager is loaded (for example putting it in the Autostart folder in KDE). I’m using the special keys to control XMMS. You need some scripts to use the same button for play and pause, that you can find below (make them executable with chmod a+x xmms-command-* ); after use, i.e. , kmenuedit to set the hotkeys in KDE, or the commands section of the sawfish configuration, if using GNOME.

Fn Key: these features are software independent and they operate properly using Linux: Font (console dimension) - F7; volume mute/unmute END up/down PG.UP/PG.DOWN; *-+/ 0pò-; LCD contrast/luminosity; CD eject - F10 (the device must be not busy, of course). After the first boot you may want to disable the service numlock from the Mandrake control center to have the NUM block disabled at the next boots. CPU - Battery The battery has a life of 400 recharges and you have 3 hours of autonomy. To recharge 1 hour with the laptop turned off, 2,5 hours turned on. The CPU is optimized by BIOS/motherboard, you can verify this thing at the boot: the speed detected by the linux kernel changes from 697Mhz (with battery) to 897Mhz (electric alimentation). Using a journaled filesystem: EXT3 As I cannot use power management on my Inspiron, frequently I forgot the laptop turned on, and battery powered. And after 3 hours the laptop was off, and I was frightened to lose my documents at every filesystem check. I needed a journaled filesystem, and I chose EXT3, for his complete compatibility with my previous fs, ext2. As many Mandrake users have experienced, after installed ext3, with the command tune2fs -j /dev/hdax (where x is the partition number), at the boot the root filesystem is always loaded as ext2, even if it is really ext3 and the other partitions are mounted as ext3. To solve this problem, you need to compile a new kernel, with ext3 compiled static, not as module. Using the mandrake kernels you need to create a new ram image file to launch at the boot in order to load the ext3 module. So, use the command mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-6mdk.img 2.4.18-6mdk (change the kernel version with yours) to create it , and add these parameters in the grub list file (menu.lst): initrd=path_to_your_initrd_image auto as parameters of the kernel; initrd (hd0,x)/path_to_your_initrd_image in the line below (x is the root partition). To understand better, see the link for my menu.lst file below. And to verify that the root partition is mounted as ext3, look at /proc/mounts. For those who use LILO, think to learn GRUB, it’s really so much better. To load the initrd image please see man lilo.conf.

• Dell laptops page on linux-laptop.net website
• linux-dell-laptops on the Yahoo! Groups website;
• Google Groups search with the keywords linux dell inspiron 2500

Linux version 2.4.18-6mdk (quintela@bi.mandrakesoft.com) (gcc version 2.96 20000731 (Mandrake Linux 8.2 2.96-0.76mdk)) #1 Fri Mar 15 02:59:08 CET 2002
BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f400 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 000000000009f400 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000000d0000 - 00000000000d4000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000000e5400 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 0000000007e70000 (usable)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000007e70000 - 0000000007e7fc00 (ACPI data)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000007e7fc00 - 0000000007e80000 (ACPI NVS)
 BIOS-e820: 0000000007e80000 - 0000000008000000 (reserved)
 BIOS-e820: 00000000fff00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
On node 0 totalpages: 32368
zone(0): 4096 pages.
zone(1): 28272 pages.
zone(2): 0 pages.
Dell Inspiron with broken BIOS detected. Refusing to enable the local APIC.
Kernel command line: initrd=initrd-2.4.18-6mdk.img auto root=/dev/hda5  hdc=ide-scsi devfs=mount vga=0x0f01
ide_setup: hdc=ide-scsi
Initializing CPU#0
Detected 697.887 MHz processor.
Console: colour VGA+ 80x50
Calibrating delay loop... 1392.64 BogoMIPS
Memory: 124888k/129472k available (1170k kernel code, 4196k reserved, 332k data, 260k init, 0k highmem)
Dentry-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Buffer-cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Page-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
CPU: Before vendor init, caps: 0383f9ff 00000000 00000000, vendor = 0
CPU: L1 I cache: 16K, L1 D cache: 16K
CPU: L2 cache: 256K
CPU: After vendor init, caps: 0383f9ff 00000000 00000000 00000000
Intel machine check architecture supported.
Intel machine check reporting enabled on CPU#0.
CPU:     After generic, caps: 0383f9ff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU:             Common caps: 0383f9ff 00000000 00000000 00000000
CPU: Intel Pentium III (Coppermine) stepping 0a
Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
POSIX conformance testing by UNIFIX
mtrr: v1.40 (20010327) Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
mtrr: detected mtrr type: Intel
PCI: PCI BIOS revision 2.10 entry at 0xfd9ca, last bus=2
PCI: Using configuration type 1
PCI: Probing PCI hardware
Unknown bridge resource 2: assuming transparent
Unknown bridge resource 2: assuming transparent
PCI: Using IRQ router PIIX [8086/244c] at 00:1f.0
PCI: Failed to allocate resource 0(f4300000-f42fffff) for 01:03.0
PCI: Failed to allocate resource 0(f4300000-f42fffff) for 01:03.1
isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
Linux NET4.0 for Linux 2.4
Based upon Swansea University Computer Society NET3.039
Initializing RT netlink socket
apm: BIOS version 1.2 Flags 0x03 (Driver version 1.16)
Starting kswapd
VFS: Diskquotas version dquot_6.5.0 initialized
devfs: v1.10 (20020120) Richard Gooch (rgooch@atnf.csiro.au)
devfs: boot_options: 0x1
pty: 256 Unix98 ptys configured
Serial driver version 5.05c (2001-07-08) with HUB-6 MANY_PORTS MULTIPORT SHARE_IRQ SERIAL_PCI ISAPNP enabled
block: 128 slots per queue, batch=32
RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 32000K size 1024 blocksize
Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 6.31
ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
PIIX4: IDE controller on PCI bus 00 dev f9
PIIX4: chipset revision 3
PIIX4: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
    ide0: BM-DMA at 0x1800-0x1807, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb:pio
    ide1: BM-DMA at 0x1808-0x180f, BIOS settings: hdc:pio, hdd:pio
hda: IC25N020ATDA04-0, ATA DISK drive
hdc: HL-DT-ST CD-RW GCE-8080N, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
hda: 39070080 sectors (20004 MB) w/1806KiB Cache, CHS=2432/255/63, UDMA(100)
Partition check:
 /dev/ide/host0/bus0/target0/lun0: p1 p2 < p5 p6 p7 >
Floppy drive(s): fd0 is 1.44M
FDC 0 is a National Semiconductor PC87306
md: md driver 0.90.0 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27
md: Autodetecting RAID arrays.
md: autorun ...
md: ... autorun DONE.
NET4: Linux TCP/IP 1.0 for NET4.0
IP Protocols: ICMP, UDP, TCP, IGMP
IP: routing cache hash table of 512 buckets, 4Kbytes
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
Linux IP multicast router 0.06 plus PIM-SM
NET4: Unix domain sockets 1.0/SMP for Linux NET4.0.
RAMDISK: Compressed image found at block 0
Uncompressing......done.
Freeing initrd memory: 82k freed
VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem).
Mounted devfs on /dev
Journalled Block Device driver loaded
EXT3-fs: INFO: recovery required on readonly filesystem.
EXT3-fs: write access will be enabled during recovery.
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs: recovery complete.
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
Freeing unused kernel memory: 260k freed
Real Time Clock Driver v1.10e
Adding Swap: 128452k swap-space (priority -1)
EXT3 FS 2.4-0.9.17, 10 Jan 2002 on ide0(3,5), internal journal
Loading Lucent Modem Controller driver version 6.00
Detected Parameters Irq=5 BaseAddress=0x2400 ComAddress=0x2040
Lucent Modem Interface driver version 6.00 (2001-01-26) with SHARE_IRQ enabled
ttyLT00 at 0x2400 (irq = 5) is a Lucent Modem
devfs_register(tts/LT0): could not append to parent, err: -17
SCSI subsystem driver Revision: 1.00
devfs_mk_dir(scsi): using old entry in dir: c7e6c5c0 ""
scsi0 : SCSI host adapter emulation for IDE ATAPI devices
  Vendor: HL-DT-ST  Model: CD-RW GCE-8080N   Rev: 2.00
  Type:   CD-ROM                             ANSI SCSI revision: 02
devfs_mk_dir(host0/bus0/target0/lun0): using old entry in dir: c716ebe0 "target0"
devfs_mk_dir(usb): using old entry in dir: c7e6c5c0 ""
usb.c: registered new driver usbdevfs
usb.c: registered new driver hub
usb.c: registered new driver usbscanner
scanner.c: 0.4.6:USB Scanner Driver
kjournald starting.  Commit interval 5 seconds
EXT3-fs warning: mounting unchecked fs, running e2fsck is recommended
EXT3 FS 2.4-0.9.17, 10 Jan 2002 on ide0(3,7), internal journal
ext3_orphan_cleanup: deleting unreferenced inode 261877
EXT3-fs: ide0(3,7): 1 orphan inode deleted
EXT3-fs: recovery complete.
EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
MSDOS FS: IO charset iso8859-15
MSDOS FS: Using codepage 850
Attached scsi CD-ROM sr0 at scsi0, channel 0, id 0, lun 0
sr0: scsi3-mmc drive: 24x/24x writer cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray
devfs_register(cd): could not append to parent, err: -17
Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.12
eepro100.c:v1.09j-t 9/29/99 Donald Becker http://www.scyld.com/network/eepro100.html
eepro100.c: $Revision: 1.36 $ 2000/11/17 Modified by Andrey V. Savochkin <saw@saw.sw.com.sg> and others
eth0: OEM i82557/i82558 10/100 Ethernet, 00:20:E0:6F:4F:83, I/O at 0x2000, IRQ 5.
  Receiver lock-up bug exists -- enabling work-around.
  Board assembly 727095-002, Physical connectors present: RJ45
  Primary interface chip i82555 PHY #1.
  General self-test: passed.
  Serial sub-system self-test: passed.
  Internal registers self-test: passed.
  ROM checksum self-test: passed (0x04f4518b).
  Receiver lock-up workaround activated.
usb-uhci.c: $Revision: 1.275 $ time 03:23:39 Mar 15 2002
usb-uhci.c: High bandwidth mode enabled
PCI: Found IRQ 5 for device 00:1f.2
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 00:1f.2 to 64
usb-uhci.c: USB UHCI at I/O 0x1820, IRQ 5
usb-uhci.c: Detected 2 ports
usb.c: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
hub.c: USB hub found
hub.c: 2 ports detected
PCI: Found IRQ 5 for device 00:1f.4
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 00:1f.4 to 64
usb-uhci.c: USB UHCI at I/O 0x1880, IRQ 5
usb-uhci.c: Detected 2 ports
usb.c: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
hub.c: USB hub found
hub.c: 2 ports detected
usb-uhci.c: v1.275:USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver
parport0: PC-style at 0x378 [PCSPP]
devfs_mk_dir(printers): using old entry in dir: c7e6c5c0 ""
lp0: using parport0 (polling).
usb.c: registered new driver usblp
printer.c: v0.8:USB Printer Device Class driver
devfs_mk_dir(sound): using old entry in dir: c7e6c5c0 ""
Intel 810 + AC97 Audio, version 0.21, 03:22:49 Mar 15 2002
PCI: Found IRQ 5 for device 00:1f.5
PCI: Sharing IRQ 5 with 00:1f.3
PCI: Setting latency timer of device 00:1f.5 to 64
i810: Intel ICH2 found at IO 0x1840 and 0x1c00, IRQ 5
i810_audio: Audio Controller supports 6 channels.
ac97_codec: AC97 Audio codec, id: 0x8384:0x7600 (SigmaTel STAC????)
i810_audio: only 48Khz playback available.
i810_audio: AC'97 codec 0 Unable to map surround DAC's (or DAC's not present), total channels = 2
devfs_register(mixer): could not append to parent, err: -17
devfs_register(dsp): could not append to parent, err: -17
lp0: compatibility mode
lp0: compatibility mode
lp0: compatibility mode
general protection fault: e998
CPU:    0
EIP:    0050:[<00002ffb>]    Not tainted
EFLAGS: 00010046
eax: 00000246   ebx: 00000001   ecx: 00000000   edx: 00000000
esi: 00000000   edi: 00000014   ebp: c306be88   esp: c306be80
ds: 0058   es: 0000   ss: 0018
Process awk (pid: 1721, stackpage=c306b000)
Stack: 5319519e 0000be88 00000058 00000246 be9c0050 00000001 530a0000 00000016 
       00485369 00000000 c306bf00 c0110ed2 00000010 c306bf00 00000246 c0120018 
       00000018 00000000 00000000 c306bf36 c0246b2b 000000ff ffffffff c0111357 
Call Trace: [<c0110ed2>] [<c0120018>] [<c0111357>] [<c0111fbd>] [<c0152e13>] 
   [<c01345e6>] [<c012522c>] [<c0106f23>] 

Code:  Bad EIP value.
 <6>Linux agpgart interface v0.99 (c) Jeff Hartmann
agpgart: Maximum main memory to use for agp memory: 93M
agpgart: agpgart: Detected an Intel i815 Chipset.
agpgart: AGP aperture is 64M @ 0xf8000000
memory : c605b960
memory : 00000000
memory : c605b9a0
CSLIP: code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
PPP generic driver version 2.4.1
PPP BSD Compression module registered
PPP Deflate Compression module registered
eth0: 0 multicast blocks dropped.
end_request: I/O error, dev 02:00 (floppy), sector 0

# File generated by XFdrake.

# **********************************************************************
# Refer to the XF86Config(4/5) man page for details about the format of
# this file.
# **********************************************************************

Section "Files"

    RgbPath	"/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/rgb"

# Multiple FontPath entries are allowed (they are concatenated together)
# By default, Mandrake 6.0 and later now use a font server independent of
# the X server to render fonts.

    FontPath   "unix/:-1"

EndSection

# **********************************************************************
# Server flags section.
# **********************************************************************

Section "ServerFlags"

    # Uncomment this to cause a core dump at the spot where a signal is
    # received.  This may leave the console in an unusable state, but may
    # provide a better stack trace in the core dump to aid in debugging
    #NoTrapSignals

    # Uncomment this to disable the <Crtl><Alt><BS> server abort sequence
    # This allows clients to receive this key event.
    #DontZap

    # Uncomment this to disable the <Crtl><Alt><KP_+>/<KP_-> mode switching
    # sequences.  This allows clients to receive these key events.
    #DontZoom

    # This  allows  the  server  to start up even if the
    # mouse device can't be opened/initialised.
    AllowMouseOpenFail

EndSection

# **********************************************************************
# Input devices
# **********************************************************************

# **********************************************************************
# Keyboard section
# **********************************************************************

Section "Keyboard"

    Protocol    "Standard"

    # when using XQUEUE, comment out the above line, and uncomment the
    # following line
    #Protocol   "Xqueue"

    AutoRepeat  250 30

    # Let the server do the NumLock processing.  This should only be
    # required when using pre-R6 clients
    #ServerNumLock

    # Specify which keyboard LEDs can be user-controlled (eg, with xset(1))
    #Xleds      "1 2 3"

    #To set the LeftAlt to Meta, RightAlt key to ModeShift,
    #RightCtl key to Compose, and ScrollLock key to ModeLock:

    LeftAlt        Meta
    RightAlt       Meta
    ScrollLock     Compose
    RightCtl       Control

# To disable the XKEYBOARD extension, uncomment XkbDisable.

#    XkbDisable

# To customise the XKB settings to suit your keyboard, modify the
# lines below (which are the defaults).  For example, for a non-U.S.
# keyboard, you will probably want to use:
#    XkbModel    "pc102"
# If you have a US Microsoft Natural keyboard, you can use:
#    XkbModel    "microsoft"
#
# Then to change the language, change the Layout setting.
# For example, a german layout can be obtained with:
#    XkbLayout   "de"
# or:
#    XkbLayout   "de"
#    XkbVariant  "nodeadkeys"
#
# If you'd like to switch the positions of your capslock and
# control keys, use:
#    XkbOptions  "ctrl:swapcaps"

# These are the default XKB settings for XFree86
#    XkbRules    "xfree86"
#    XkbModel    "pc101"
#    XkbLayout   "us"
#    XkbVariant  ""
#    XkbOptions  ""

    XkbKeycodes     "xfree86"
    XkbTypes        "default"
    XkbCompat       "default"
    XkbSymbols      "us(pc105)"
    XkbGeometry     "pc"
    XkbRules        "xfree86"
    XkbModel        "pc105"
    XkbLayout       "it"

EndSection

# **********************************************************************
# Pointer section
# **********************************************************************

Section "Pointer"
    Protocol    "PS/2"
    Device      "/dev/psaux"
    Emulate3Buttons
    Emulate3Timeout    50

# ChordMiddle is an option for some 3-button Logitech mice

#    ChordMiddle

EndSection



# **********************************************************************
# Monitor section
# **********************************************************************

# Any number of monitor sections may be present

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier "Generic|SVGA alta frequenza, 1024x768 a 70 Hz"
    VendorName "Unknown"
    ModelName  "Unknown"


# HorizSync is in kHz unless units are specified.
# HorizSync may be a comma separated list of discrete values, or a
# comma separated list of ranges of values.
# NOTE: THE VALUES HERE ARE EXAMPLES ONLY.  REFER TO YOUR MONITOR'S
# USER MANUAL FOR THE CORRECT NUMBERS.
    HorizSync  31.5-57.0


# VertRefresh is in Hz unless units are specified.
# VertRefresh may be a comma separated list of discrete values, or a
# comma separated list of ranges of values.
# NOTE: THE VALUES HERE ARE EXAMPLES ONLY.  REFER TO YOUR MONITOR'S
# USER MANUAL FOR THE CORRECT NUMBERS.
    VertRefresh 50-90


# Modes can be specified in two formats.  A compact one-line format, or
# a multi-line format.

# These two are equivalent

#    ModeLine "1024x768i" 45 1024 1048 1208 1264 768 776 784 817 Interlace

#    Mode "1024x768i"
#        DotClock	45
#        HTimings	1024 1048 1208 1264
#        VTimings	768 776 784 817
#        Flags		"Interlace"
#    EndMode
ModeLine "1024x480"    65.00 1024 1032 1176 1344   480  488  494  563 -hsync -vsync
ModeLine "768x576"     63.07  768  800  960 1024   576  578  590  616
ModeLine "768x576"     50.00  768  832  846 1000   576  590  595  630

# This is a set of standard mode timings. Modes that are out of monitor spec
# are automatically deleted by the server (provided the HorizSync and
# VertRefresh lines are correct), so there's no immediate need to
# delete mode timings (unless particular mode timings don't work on your
# monitor). With these modes, the best standard mode that your monitor
# and video card can support for a given resolution is automatically
# used.

# 640x400 @ 70 Hz, 31.5 kHz hsync
Modeline "640x400"     25.175 640  664  760  800   400  409  411  450
# 640x480 @ 60 Hz, 31.5 kHz hsync
Modeline "640x480"     25.175 640  664  760  800   480  491  493  525
# 800x600 @ 56 Hz, 35.15 kHz hsync
ModeLine "800x600"     36     800  824  896 1024   600  601  603  625
# 1024x768 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 35.5 kHz hsync
Modeline "1024x768"    44.9  1024 1048 1208 1264   768  776  784  817 Interlace

# 640x400 @ 85 Hz, 37.86 kHz hsync
Modeline "640x400"     31.5   640  672 736   832   400  401  404  445 -HSync +VSync
# 640x480 @ 72 Hz, 36.5 kHz hsync
Modeline "640x480"     31.5   640  680  720  864   480  488  491  521
# 640x480 @ 75 Hz, 37.50 kHz hsync
ModeLine  "640x480"    31.5   640  656  720  840   480  481  484  500 -HSync -VSync
# 800x600 @ 60 Hz, 37.8 kHz hsync
Modeline "800x600"     40     800  840  968 1056   600  601  605  628 +hsync +vsync

# 640x480 @ 85 Hz, 43.27 kHz hsync
Modeline "640x480"     36     640  696  752  832   480  481  484  509 -HSync -VSync
# 1152x864 @ 89 Hz interlaced, 44 kHz hsync
ModeLine "1152x864"    65    1152 1168 1384 1480   864  865  875  985 Interlace

# 800x600 @ 72 Hz, 48.0 kHz hsync
Modeline "800x600"     50     800  856  976 1040   600  637  643  666 +hsync +vsync
# 1024x768 @ 60 Hz, 48.4 kHz hsync
Modeline "1024x768"    65    1024 1032 1176 1344   768  771  777  806 -hsync -vsync

# 640x480 @ 100 Hz, 53.01 kHz hsync
Modeline "640x480"     45.8   640  672  768  864   480  488  494  530 -HSync -VSync
# 1152x864 @ 60 Hz, 53.5 kHz hsync
Modeline  "1152x864"   89.9  1152 1216 1472 1680   864  868  876  892 -HSync -VSync
# 800x600 @ 85 Hz, 55.84 kHz hsync
Modeline  "800x600"    60.75  800  864  928 1088   600  616  621  657 -HSync -VSync

# 1024x768 @ 70 Hz, 56.5 kHz hsync
Modeline "1024x768"    75    1024 1048 1184 1328   768  771  777  806 -hsync -vsync
# 1280x1024 @ 87 Hz interlaced, 51 kHz hsync
Modeline "1280x1024"   80    1280 1296 1512 1568  1024 1025 1037 1165 Interlace

# 800x600 @ 100 Hz, 64.02 kHz hsync
Modeline  "800x600"    69.65  800  864  928 1088   600  604  610  640 -HSync -VSync
# 1024x768 @ 76 Hz, 62.5 kHz hsync
Modeline "1024x768"    85    1024 1032 1152 1360   768  784  787  823
# 1152x864 @ 70 Hz, 62.4 kHz hsync
Modeline  "1152x864"   92    1152 1208 1368 1474   864  865  875  895
# 1280x1024 @ 61 Hz, 64.2 kHz hsync
Modeline "1280x1024"  110    1280 1328 1512 1712  1024 1025 1028 1054
# 1400x1050 @ 60 Hz, 65.5 kHz
ModeLine "1400x1050" 122.0 1400 1488 1640 1880   1050 1052 1064 1082 +HSync +VSync

# 1024x768 @ 85 Hz, 70.24 kHz hsync
Modeline "1024x768"   98.9  1024 1056 1216 1408   768 782 788 822 -HSync -VSync
# 1152x864 @ 78 Hz, 70.8 kHz hsync
Modeline "1152x864"   110   1152 1240 1324 1552   864  864  876  908

# 1280x1024 @ 70 Hz, 74.59 kHz hsync
Modeline "1280x1024"  126.5 1280 1312 1472 1696  1024 1032 1040 1068 -HSync -VSync
# 1600x1200 @ 60Hz, 75.00 kHz hsync
Modeline "1600x1200"  162   1600 1664 1856 2160  1200 1201 1204 1250 +HSync +VSync
# 1152x864 @ 84 Hz, 76.0 kHz hsync
Modeline "1152x864"   135    1152 1464 1592 1776   864  864  876  908

# 1280x1024 @ 74 Hz, 78.85 kHz hsync
Modeline "1280x1024"  135    1280 1312 1456 1712  1024 1027 1030 1064

# 1024x768 @ 100Hz, 80.21 kHz hsync
Modeline "1024x768"   115.5  1024 1056 1248 1440  768  771  781  802 -HSync -VSync
# 1280x1024 @ 76 Hz, 81.13 kHz hsync
Modeline "1280x1024"  135    1280 1312 1416 1664  1024 1027 1030 1064
# 1400x1050 @ 75 Hz, 82.2 kHz hsync
ModeLine "1400x1050" 155.8   1400 1464 1784 1912  1050 1052 1064 1090 +HSync +VSync

# 1600x1200 @ 70 Hz, 87.50 kHz hsync
Modeline "1600x1200"  189    1600 1664 1856 2160  1200 1201 1204 1250 -HSync -VSync
# 1152x864 @ 100 Hz, 89.62 kHz hsync
Modeline "1152x864"   137.65 1152 1184 1312 1536   864  866  885  902 -HSync -VSync
# 1280x1024 @ 85 Hz, 91.15 kHz hsync
Modeline "1280x1024"  157.5  1280 1344 1504 1728  1024 1025 1028 1072 +HSync +VSync
# 1600x1200 @ 75 Hz, 93.75 kHz hsync
Modeline "1600x1200"  202.5  1600 1664 1856 2160  1200 1201 1204 1250 +HSync +VSync
# 1600x1200 @ 85 Hz, 105.77 kHz hsync
Modeline "1600x1200"  220    1600 1616 1808 2080  1200 1204 1207 1244 +HSync +VSync
# 1600x1200 @ 85 Hz, 106.3 kHz hsync
ModeLine "1600x1200" 229.5   1600 1664 1856 2160  1200 1201 1204 1250 +HSync +VSync
# 1280x1024 @ 100 Hz, 107.16 kHz hsync
Modeline "1280x1024"  181.75 1280 1312 1440 1696  1024 1031 1046 1072 -HSync -VSync

# 1800x1440 @ 64Hz, 96.15 kHz hsync
ModeLine "1800X1440"  230    1800 1896 2088 2392 1440 1441 1444 1490 +HSync +VSync
# 1800x1440 @ 70Hz, 104.52 kHz hsync
ModeLine "1800X1440"  250    1800 1896 2088 2392 1440 1441 1444 1490 +HSync +VSync

# 1920x1440 @ 60 Hz, 90.0 kHz hsync
ModeLine "1920x1440"  234.0  1920 2048 2256 2600 1440 1441 1444 1500 -HSync +VSync
# 1920x1440 @ 75 Hz, 112.5kHz hsync
ModeLine "1920x1440"  297.0  1920 2064 2288 2640 1440 1441 1444 1500 -HSync +VSync

# 512x384 @ 78 Hz, 31.50 kHz hsync
Modeline "512x384"    20.160 512  528  592  640   384  385  388  404 -HSync -VSync
# 512x384 @ 85 Hz, 34.38 kHz hsync
Modeline "512x384"    22     512  528  592  640   384  385  388  404 -HSync -VSync


# Low-res Doublescan modes
# If your chipset does not support doublescan, you get a 'squashed'
# resolution like 320x400.

# 320x200 @ 70 Hz, 31.5 kHz hsync, 8:5 aspect ratio
Modeline "320x200"     12.588 320  336  384  400   200  204  205  225 Doublescan
# 320x240 @ 60 Hz, 31.5 kHz hsync, 4:3 aspect ratio
Modeline "320x240"     12.588 320  336  384  400   240  245  246  262 Doublescan
# 320x240 @ 72 Hz, 36.5 kHz hsync
Modeline "320x240"     15.750 320  336  384  400   240  244  246  262 Doublescan
# 400x300 @ 56 Hz, 35.2 kHz hsync, 4:3 aspect ratio
ModeLine "400x300"     18     400  416  448  512   300  301  302  312 Doublescan
# 400x300 @ 60 Hz, 37.8 kHz hsync
Modeline "400x300"     20     400  416  480  528   300  301  303  314 Doublescan
# 400x300 @ 72 Hz, 48.0 kHz hsync
Modeline "400x300"     25     400  424  488  520   300  319  322  333 Doublescan
# 480x300 @ 56 Hz, 35.2 kHz hsync, 8:5 aspect ratio
ModeLine "480x300"     21.656 480  496  536  616   300  301  302  312 Doublescan
# 480x300 @ 60 Hz, 37.8 kHz hsync
Modeline "480x300"     23.890 480  496  576  632   300  301  303  314 Doublescan
# 480x300 @ 63 Hz, 39.6 kHz hsync
Modeline "480x300"     25     480  496  576  632   300  301  303  314 Doublescan
# 480x300 @ 72 Hz, 48.0 kHz hsync
Modeline "480x300"     29.952 480  504  584  624   300  319  322  333 Doublescan


# This is a set of extended mode timings typically used for laptop,
# TV fullscreen mode or DVD fullscreen output.
# These are available along with standard mode timings.

# Sony Vaio C1(X,XS,VE,VN)?
# 1024x480 @ 85.6 Hz, 48 kHz hsync
ModeLine "1024x480"    65.00 1024 1032 1176 1344   480  488  494  563 -hsync -vsync

# 768x576 @ 79 Hz, 50 kHz hsync
ModeLine "768x576"     50.00  768  832  846 1000   576  590  595  630
# 768x576 @ 100 Hz, 61.6 kHz hsync
ModeLine "768x576"     63.07  768  800  960 1024   576  578  590  616


EndSection



# **********************************************************************
# Graphics device section
# **********************************************************************

Section "Device"
    Identifier "Generic VGA"
    Chipset   "generic"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "Intel 815"
    VendorName  "Unknown"
    BoardName   "Unknown"
#    Chipset     "Intel 815"
#    VideoRam    4096
    # Clock lines


    # Uncomment following option if you see a big white block        
    # instead of the cursor!                                          
    #    Option      "sw_cursor"

    Option      "power_saver"
EndSection



# **********************************************************************
# Screen sections
# **********************************************************************


# The Colour SVGA server

Section "Screen"
    Driver "svga"
    Device      "Intel 815"
    Monitor     "Generic|SVGA alta frequenza, 1024x768 a 70 Hz"
    DefaultColorDepth 24
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       8
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       15
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       16
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       24
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       32
        Modes       "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Driver "vga16"
    Device      "Generic VGA"
    Monitor     "Generic|SVGA alta frequenza, 1024x768 a 70 Hz"
    Subsection "Display"
        Modes       "640x480" "800x600"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Driver "vga2"
    Device      "Generic VGA"
    Monitor     "Generic|SVGA alta frequenza, 1024x768 a 70 Hz"
    Subsection "Display"
        Modes       "640x480" "800x600"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Driver "accel"
    Device      "Intel 815"
    Monitor     "Generic|SVGA alta frequenza, 1024x768 a 70 Hz"
    DefaultColorDepth 24
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       8
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       15
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       16
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       24
        Modes       "1280x1024" "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       32
        Modes       "1152x864" "1024x768" "800x600" "640x480"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Driver "fbdev"
    Device      "Intel 815"
    Monitor     "Generic|SVGA alta frequenza, 1024x768 a 70 Hz"
    DefaultColorDepth 24
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       8
        Modes       "default"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       15
        Modes       "default"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       16
        Modes       "default"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       24
        Modes       "default"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
    Subsection "Display"
        Depth       32
        Modes       "default"
        ViewPort    0 0
    EndSubsection
EndSection

(it’s an ITALIAN keyboard, but you can modify properly for your language);

! Converted keytable file to xmodmap file
! with mk_modmap by root@chanae.alphanet.ch vie nov 27 02:12:06 CET 1998
clear Mod1
clear Mod2
!  Italian keymap with emacs enhancements 
!      Beta version Mon May  2 19:57:25 WET DST 1994
!  Available for anon. ftp at cnuce_arch.cnr.it:/pub/Linux-local/kbd/it.map
! 
!  Based on all other keymaps available in Slackware-1.2.0.
! 
!  '@', ' ', '[', and ']' are obtained by AltGr with the appropriate key.
! 
!  I have added '{', '}', '~', '`', iacute and uacute.
!  They can be obtained by AltGr-(, AltGr-), AltGr-=, AltGr-', AltGr-igrave 
!  and AltGr-ugrave respectively.
! 
!  I have also added most Alt-Shift and Ctrl-Alt codes needed for emacs
!  with the standard keymap of the fundamental mode.
!  
!  Place in your ~/.emacs the following two lines:
!       (standard-display-european t)
!       (set-input-mode nil nil 1)
! 
!  Place in your /usr/lib/X11/Xconfig:
!       LeftAlt  Meta  
!       RightAlt ModeShift
! 
!  To use high characters with other programs, read the documentation ;-)
!  Please report all bugs and improvement proposals to the address below.
! 
!  Buona fortuna,
!  Dario Besseghini <besseghi@dm.unipi.it>
! 
keycode   9 = Escape Escape
keycode  10 = 1 exclam
keycode  11 = 2 quotedbl
keycode  12 = 3 sterling
keycode  13 = 4 dollar
keycode  14 = 5 percent
keycode  15 = 6 ampersand
keycode  16 = 7 slash
keycode  17 = 8 parenleft braceleft
keycode  18 = 9 parenright braceright
keycode  19 = 0 equal grave
keycode  20 = apostrophe question asciitilde
keycode  21 = igrave asciicircum iacute
keycode  22 = BackSpace Delete
keycode  23 = Tab Tab
keycode  24 = q
keycode  25 = w
keycode  26 = e E EuroSign
keycode  27 = r
keycode  28 = t
keycode  29 = y
keycode  30 = u
keycode  31 = i
keycode  32 = o
keycode  33 = p
keycode  34 = egrave eacute bracketleft braceleft
keycode  35 = plus asterisk bracketright braceright
keycode  36 = Return
keycode  37 = Control_L
keycode  38 = a
keycode  39 = s
keycode  40 = d
keycode  41 = f
keycode  42 = g
keycode  43 = h
keycode  44 = j
keycode  45 = k
keycode  46 = l
keycode  47 = ograve ccedilla at
keycode  48 = agrave degree numbersign
keycode  49 = backslash bar
keycode  50 = Shift_L
keycode  51 = ugrave section uacute
keycode  52 = z
keycode  53 = x
keycode  54 = c
keycode  55 = v
keycode  56 = b
keycode  57 = n
keycode  58 = m
keycode  59 = comma semicolon
keycode  60 = period colon Multi_key
keycode  61 = minus underscore
keycode  62 = Shift_R
keycode  63 = KP_Multiply
keycode  64 = Alt_L Meta_L
keycode  65 = space space
keycode  66 = Caps_Lock
keycode  67 = F1 F11
keycode  68 = F2 F12
keycode  69 = F3 F13
keycode  70 = F4 F14
keycode  71 = F5 F15
keycode  72 = F6 F16
keycode  73 = F7 F17
keycode  74 = F8 F18
keycode  75 = F9 F19
keycode  76 = F10 F20
keycode  77 = Num_Lock
keycode  78 = Scroll_Lock
keycode  79 = KP_7
keycode  80 = KP_8
keycode  81 = KP_9
keycode  82 = KP_Subtract
keycode  83 = KP_4
keycode  84 = KP_5
keycode  85 = KP_6
keycode  86 = KP_Add
keycode  87 = KP_1
keycode  88 = KP_2
keycode  89 = KP_3
keycode  90 = KP_0
keycode  94 = less greater
keycode  95 = F11 F11
keycode  96 = F12 F12
keycode 108 = KP_Enter
keycode 109 = Control_R
keycode 112 = KP_Divide
keycode 113 = Mode_switch
keycode 114 = Break
keycode 110 = Find
keycode  98 = Up
keycode  99 = Prior
keycode 100 = Left
keycode 102 = Right
keycode 104 = Down
keycode 105 = Next
keycode 106 = Insert
! right windows-logo key
! in "windows" keyboards the postion of the key is annoying, is where AltGr
! usually resides, so go definie it as AltGr
keycode 116 = Mode_switch
! right windows-menu key, redefined as Compose key
! keycode 117 = Multi_key
keycode 117 = Menu
add Mod1 = Alt_L
add Mod2 = Mode_switch
! Aggiunta personale flagar i2500
keycode 129 = F21
keycode 130 = F22
keycode 131 = F23
keycode 132 = F24
keycode 174 = F25
keycode 176 = F26
keycode 111 = Print
keycode 115 = F27

pre-install pcmcia_core CARDMGR_OPTS=-f /etc/rc.d/init.d/pcmcia start
alias usb-interface usb-uhci
probeall scsi_hostadapter ide-scsi
alias eth0 eepro100 

# lt_drivers: autoloading and insertion parameter usage
alias char-major-62 lt_serial 
alias /dev/tts/LT0 lt_serial 
alias /dev/modem lt_serial 
# The next line is a syntax example, rarely needed, to automate parameter usage during lt_drivers insertion. See documentation for details
# options lt_modem vendor_id=0x115d device_id=0x0420 Forced=3,0x130,0x2f8
# section for lt_drivers ends

alias sound-slot-0 snd-card-intel8x0

# Settaggio volumi mixer ALSA:
# impostarli come desiderati e memorizzare con "alsactl store". 
# Caricamento volumi al boot:
post-install snd-mixer /usr/sbin/alsactl restore

# Caricamento driver scanner usb generico con vendorID e productID
options scanner vendor=0x06bd product=0x2091

# /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
#
# This file should contain the names of kernel modules that are
# to be loaded at boot time, one per line.  Comments begin with
# a `#', and everything on the line after them are ignored.


# Compatibilità OSS di ALSA:
snd-pcm-oss

# LT Winmodem (linmodems.org)
lt_serial
lt_modem
scsi_hostadapter

# Scanner USB: AGFA Snapscan e20
scanner

timeout 3
color blue/black white/black
i18n (hd0,4)/boot/grub/messages
keytable (hd0,4)/boot/it-latin1.klt
altconfigfile (hd0,4)/boot/grub/menu.once
default 0

title Linux
kernel (hd0,4)/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-6mdk initrd=initrd-2.4.18-6mdk.img auto root=/dev/hda5  hdc=ide-scsi devfs=mount vga=0x0f01
initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd-2.4.18-6mdk.img

title Linux-MDK
kernel (hd0,4)/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.8-26mdk initrd=initrd-2.4.8-26mdk.img auto root=/dev/hda5  hdc=ide-scsi devfs=mount vga=0x0f01
initrd (hd0,4)/boot/initrd-2.4.8-26mdk.img

title Linux-FG
kernel (hd0,4)/boot/linux root=/dev/hda5  hdc=ide-scsi  video=i810fb vga=normal

title floppy
root (fd0)
chainloader +1

title failsafe
kernel (hd0,4)/boot/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda5  hdc=ide-scsi devfs=mount failsafe vga=0x0f01

title Windows
root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

#!/bin/bash
echo "XMMS Play/Pause script"
if [ -e /home/flagar/tmp/xmms-active.status ] && ps -aux | grep -i "xmms
 --play"; then
xmms --pause
else
xmms --play
touch /home/flagar/tmp/xmms-active.status
fi

# With the if condition we verify if XMMS is running
# (with ps -aux) and if is playing (existing file
# xmms-active.status): so, we need PAUSE.
# If something is false, we need PLAY and we create
# the empty xmms-active.status file.

#!/bin/bash
echo "XMMS Stop script"
xmms --stop
rm -f /home/flagar/tmp/xmms-active.status

# After STOP, we remove the xmms-active.status
# file, because if it exists, we cannot do
# PLAY with the play/pause script.

Epson Styli C70 and C80 are the best printers for general use in Linux (see www.linuxprinting.org ). With them you reach the current best possible resolution for inkjets: 2880*1440 dpi. And you can reach this resolution only using these printers on Linux (with the eccellent GIMP-print drivers!), because the drivers for Windows and Mac provided by Epson can reach currently only 2880*720 dpi. Stylus C70 is the same of the C80, only a bit slower. But with 16ppm b/w it is very fast, as fast as a laser. Besides, don’t forget you have the 4 colors separated! It’s very easy to configure using the parallel port (I haven’t tryed it by USB, yet). To get it working at the best, download GIMP-print 4.2 or newer and compile it with CUPS and Ghostscript drivers ( $ ./configure –with-cups –with-ghost). I prefer to use kdeprint instead of the Mandrake tool PrinterDrake to install the printer. I use GNOME more than KDE, so I put an icon of kdeprinter on my GNOME desktop, I configure the settings before printing from GNOME applications simply using lpr .

For a domestic use (you don’t need, i. e., to scan photo negatives) the Snapscan e20 is cheap, has a good resolution (600*1200), and it works great with Linux and SANE. The optical resolution is supported until 600*600 dpi, enough for me and a general use. The scanner needs SANE 1.0.6 or newer and firmware upload to work. So get SANE (uninstall any older version before): you should download and install sane-backends (the drivers), sane-frontends and Xsane (eccellent application!). To get it working: load the kernel driver for usb scanner with vendorID and productID (modprobe scanner vendor=0x06bd product=0×2091 ); take the firmware file snape20.bin in the directory of the Windows drivers from the cd ScanWise. Put it somewhere (I advise to place in the same directory of the configuration files of sane, usually /usr/local/etc/sane.d ) and edit the snapscan.conf file decommenting the line with " firmware... " specifying the full path to the firmware snape20.bin . Also comment above the line with /dev/sga and decomment the line below /dev/usbscanner (if exists, otherwise you can create it with mknod). You can modify this line with /dev/usb/scanner that is created dynamically by devfs when the kernel driver is loaded. Use the tool sane-find-scanner to detect the device. You can also look at /proc/bus/usb/devices to see if it is detected. With Mandrake 8.1 you should also have the hotplug without problems. Now you may want to have the scanner ready at the next boots. Edit the /etc/modules.conf adding these lines:

# Snapscan e20 product and vendor IDs
options scanner vendor=0x06bd product=0x2091
and add scanner to the the drivers to load at the boot in /etc/modules.

For further details visit the website of the Snapscan SANE backend.

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